An elementary student learning a second language differs from an adult learner. The adult is more likely to do which of the following?

• A. Compare the rules and language structures of L1 and L2
• B. Memorize vocabulary lists
• C. Learn only pronunciation
• D. Focus on grammar translation

Answer: (A)

Adults tend to approach language learning with explicit analysis and comparison between their native language and the new one. They have more metalinguistic awareness and background knowledge about how languages work, so they often articulate rules, examine sentence structures, and see how L1 influences L2. This contrastive analysis helps them form hypotheses about grammar and usage, making the comparison of rules and structures the most likely adult strategy.

You might see adults also memorize vocabulary or study pronunciation, or use translation methods, but those reflect memory or older teaching approaches rather than the typical adult pattern of actively analyzing and comparing grammar across languages.